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Camille d'Hostun de la Baume, duc de Tallard (14 February 1652 – 20 March 1728) was a French noble, diplomat and military commander, who became Marshal of France. ==Military career== Tallard was granted a commission in the French army at the age of 15.〔Falkner: ''Blenheim 1704: Marlborough's Greatest Victory,'' p. 104〕 He later served under the prince de Condé in the Netherlands, and from 1674, under Turenne in Alsace. He was promoted ''maréchal de camp'' in 1678, and served in the Nine Years' War (1688–1697). His friendship with King Louis XIV ensured a position of authority.〔 After the war he served for two years as ambassador to the Court of St. James's, where his exceptional knowledge of European political affairs proved highly valuable.〔Churchill: ''Marlborough: His Life and Times'', p. 426〕 When King James II died in September 1701, King Louis recognised James’s son as his successor to the throne of England. Consequently, King William III expelled Tallard from London in 1702.〔 Tallard’s military career reached its height during the War of the Spanish Succession. On 7 September 1703 the duc de Burgundy and Tallard took the town of Breisach. Tallard proceeded to invest Landau in mid October.〔Lynn: ''The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,'' p. 285〕 A relief force under the Prince of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) was roundly defeated by Tallard’s force at the Battle of Speyerbach on 15 November.〔Also spelled Spire, Speyer, Spirbach or Speyerbach.〕 As a result, Landau fell two days later. Shortly after, Tallard was created Marshal of France.〔 In 1704, Tallard was sent to reinforce Maximilian II Emanuel's and Marshal Marsin's Franco-Bavarian army on the Danube, which was under threat from the Duke of Marlborough's and Prince Eugene's allied army. Tallard set out on 1 July from Strasbourg, but although the six day siege of Villingen proved abortive, (abandoned on 22 July), the French Marshal was able to bring 34,000 men through the Black Forest, reaching Ulm on 5 August.〔Chandler: ''Marlborough as Military Commander,'' p. 136〕 Tallard was placed in overall command of the combined Franco-Bavarian army, but the subsequent Battle of Blenheim on 13 August 1704 resulted in complete destruction of his forces. Decisively beaten, he was captured and taken back to England and housed on parole in Nottingham.〔 The writer Daniel Defoe reported that his ''small, but beautiful parterre, after the French fashion'' was one of the beauties of Nottingham. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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